What Young Women Need to Know about Ovarian Cancer
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Ovarian cancer is generally considered as a disease of postmenopausal women, with only 10 to 15% found in premenopausal women. However, ovarian cancer ranks as the third most prevalent cancer among women in India, following breast cancer and cervical cancer.
It holds the highest ratio of fatalities to cases among female cancers, primarily because of its subtle and unclear clinical signs, the absence of efficient screening approaches, and presentation in an advanced stage in around two-thirds of cases.
It is acknowledged that 90% of all ovarian cancers are epithelial ovarian tumours, while the remaining include germ cell tumours, sex cord-stromal tumours, other less common tumours, and metastatic tumours.
What Is Ovarian Cancer?
Ovarian cancer is a complex disease with various types, but what makes it particularly challenging is its elusive nature. Unlike some cancers, ovarian cancer often shows vague or subtle symptoms, making it difficult to diagnose in its early stages. This is why awareness, particularly among young women, is paramount.
Several risk factors contribute to the development of ovarian cancer. Genetic factors, family history, reproductive history, age, and lifestyle choices all play roles in influencing a woman's susceptibility. It's essential for young women to be aware of these factors, especially if there is a family history of ovarian or breast cancer.
Recognizing the symptoms of ovarian cancer is crucial for early detection. Unfortunately, the symptoms are often mistaken for common, less severe issues, leading to delayed diagnosis. Symptoms include:
Bloating
Pelvic or abdominal pain
Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
Frequent urination
Educating oneself about these symptoms is the first step in overcoming the challenges of early detection.
Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis and Screening
Diagnosing ovarian cancer early remains a challenge due to the absence of noticeable symptoms in the initial stages. Regular gynaecological check-ups are vital for early detection, enabling healthcare professionals to identify any abnormalities. While screening methods like transvaginal ultrasound and the CA-125 blood test exist, their efficacy is not fool proof.
Transvaginal ultrasound allows doctors to examine the ovaries for abnormalities, while the CA-125 blood test measures the level of a protein associated with ovarian cancer. However, these tests may produce false positives or false negatives, making them supplementary rather than definitive tools.
Genetic testing, which can identify mutations linked to ovarian cancer, is another option, especially for those with a family history of the disease.
Ovarian Cancer Prevention Strategies
Here are prevention strategies for ovarian cancer presented in:
Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle:
Adopt a balanced and nutritious diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Engage in regular physical exercise to promote overall well-being.
Oral Contraceptives:
Consider the use of oral contraceptives, as studies suggest they may have a protective effect against ovarian cancer.
Consult with a healthcare professional to discuss the potential benefits and risks.
Understand and Manage Risk Factors:
Be aware of genetic factors and family history; those with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer may be at higher risk.
Understand how reproductive history, age, and lifestyle choices can influence susceptibility.
Regular Gynaecological Check-ups:
Schedule regular check-ups with a healthcare provider to monitor reproductive health.
Discuss any concerns or changes in symptoms promptly with a healthcare professional.
Screening Methods:
Consider screening methods such as transvaginal ultrasound and the CA-125 blood test, especially if there is a higher risk due to family history or other factors.
Understand the limitations and potential false positives or negatives associated with these tests.
Genetic Testing:
If there is a family history of ovarian cancer, consider genetic testing to identify potential mutations.
Use the information to make informed decisions about preventive measures.
Education and Awareness:
Stay informed about the symptoms and risk factors of ovarian cancer.
Participate in educational programs and community outreach to increase awareness among peers and the broader community.
Healthy Reproductive Choices:
Consider factors such as the number of pregnancies and breastfeeding, as they may influence ovarian cancer risk.
Male reproductive choices in consultation with healthcare professionals.
Avoidance of Smoking and Excessive Alcohol:
Limit or avoid smoking, as it is associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer.
Consume alcohol in moderation, if at all, as excessive alcohol intake may contribute to cancer risk.
Emotional Well-being and Support:
Prioritise emotional well-being and seek support during challenging times.
Engage with support groups, counselling services, or mental health professionals for additional assistance.
Empowering Young Women
Empowering young women involves not only providing information about ovarian cancer but also fostering open communication about reproductive health. Breaking down societal taboos and dispelling myths surrounding gynaecological health is crucial. Young women should feel encouraged to discuss their reproductive health concerns with healthcare providers, ensuring that potential issues are addressed promptly.
Promoting awareness and education is key to empowering young women. Understanding the risk factors and symptoms of ovarian cancer equips them to make informed decisions about their health. Education can happen through schools, community outreach programs, and online platforms, creating a culture where discussions about women's health are normalised.
Conclusion
Ovarian cancer is a formidable adversary, but knowledge is our most potent weapon. By understanding the risk factors, recognizing symptoms, and prioritising regular check-ups, young women can take proactive steps to safeguard their reproductive health.
Empowering women through education, breaking down societal barriers, and fostering a supportive environment are crucial elements in the fight against ovarian cancer. Together, we can unveil the silent threat and empower young women to take charge of their well-being.
Consult an expert gynaecologist at your nearest tertiary care hospital immediately if you or someone you know thinks they might be at risk of ovarian cancer. Take this condition seriously and deal with it as soon as possible.
