Everything to Know About Gynaecology Cancer

Gynaecological cancer is a term used to describe cancer that originates in the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva, and fallopian tubes. While gynaecological cancer can affect any woman, it is more common in women over 50 years old. This blog will discuss the different types of gynaecological cancer, their symptoms, treatment options, and the importance of early detection and preventative measures.

Types of Gynaecological Cancer

Gynaecological cancer refers to cancers that originate in the female reproductive system. There are several types of gynaecological cancer, including ovarian, uterine, cervical, vaginal, vulvar, and fallopian tube cancer. Each type of gynaecological cancer has its unique symptoms and treatment options, which we will explore in more detail below.

1. Ovarian Cancer: Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the ovaries, the female reproductive organs that produce eggs. It is women's fifth most common cancer, with approximately 300,000 cases diagnosed yearly. Ovarian cancer is often called the "silent killer" because it is difficult to detect in its early stages. Symptoms of ovarian cancer may include bloating, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, pelvic or abdominal pain, and frequent urination.
2. Uterine Cancer: Also known as endometrial cancer this is the most common type of gynaecological cancer, with more than 90% of cases occurring in women over 50. Uterine cancer develops in the uterus lining, the organ where a foetus develops during pregnancy. Symptoms of uterine cancer may include abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, pain during sex, and pelvic pain.Cervical Cancer: Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is the seventh most common cancer among women, with over 500,000 new cases diagnosed yearly. Cervical cancer is often caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Symptoms of cervical cancer may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pain during sex, and pelvic pain.
3. Vaginal Cancer: Vaginal cancer is a rare type of gynaecological cancer, with fewer than 2,000 cases diagnosed yearly in the United States. Vaginal cancer develops in the lining of the vagina, the tube-like structure that connects the uterus to the outside of the body. Symptoms of vaginal cancer may include vaginal bleeding after menopause, pain during sex, and abnormal vaginal discharge.

Ovarian Cancer Symptoms and Treatment

Ovarian cancer is often called the "silent killer" because it is difficult to detect in its early stages. Ovarian cancer symptoms may include bloating, pelvic or abdominal pain, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, and frequent urination. 

You must speak to your doctor if you experience ovarian cancer symptoms. In addition, if you have a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, you may be at a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer. 

To diagnose ovarian cancer, your doctor may perform an ultrasound, blood test, or biopsy. Ovarian cancer treatment may depend on the stage of cancer and may include surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.

Surgery is the most common ovarian cancer treatment and may involve removing one or both ovaries and the fallopian tubes and the uterus. Chemotherapy is another common ovarian cancer treatment that may be used before or after surgery, while radiation therapy is usually reserved for more advanced cases. 

Uterine Cancer Symptoms and Treatment

Uterine cancer is the most common type of gynaecological cancer, with more than 90% of cases occurring in women over 50. Uterine cancer symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, pain during sex, and pelvic pain. You must speak to your doctor if you experience ovarian cancer symptoms.

To diagnose uterine cancer, your doctor may perform a biopsy or imaging tests such as an ultrasound or CT scan. Treatment options for uterine cancer depend on the stage of cancer and may include surgery, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy.

Surgery may involve removing the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. Radiation therapy may be used after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells, while hormone therapy is sometimes used to block the effects of oestrogen on cancer cells.

Vaginal Cancer Symptoms and Treatment

Vaginal cancer is a rare type of gynaecological cancer, with fewer than 2,000 cases diagnosed yearly in the United States. Vaginal cancer symptoms may include vaginal bleeding after menopause, pain during sex, and abnormal vaginal discharge. You must speak to your doctor if you experience any vaginal cancer symptoms.

To diagnose vaginal cancer, your doctor may perform a biopsy or imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan. Treatment options for vaginal cancer depend on the stage of cancer and may include surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy. Surgery may involve removing part or all of the vagina, while radiation therapy is often used with chemotherapy to kill cancer cells.

Preventative Measures and Early Detection

While there is no surefire way to prevent gynaecological cancer, there are several steps you can take to reduce your risk of developing these types of cancer. Regular gynaecological check-ups are important for early detection and treatment. It is recommended that women over the age of 21 have a pap smear every three years, and women over the age of 30 have an HPV test every five years in addition to their pap smear.

Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and exercising regularly can also reduce your risk of developing gynaecological cancer. Eating a healthy diet high in fruits and vegetables and low in saturated fats and red meat may also help reduce your risk. 

If you have a family history of gynaecological cancer, you must speak to your doctor about additional screening options. Genetic counseling may also be recommended to assess your risk and discuss options for preventative measures.

Conclusion

Gynaecological cancer can be a scary and life-changing diagnosis, but the prognosis can be positive with early detection and treatment. Knowing the symptoms of ovarian, uterine, and vaginal cancer and seeking medical attention when you experience them is important for early detection and treatment. 

Regular gynaecological check-ups and healthy lifestyle choices can also help reduce your risk of developing gynaecological cancer. As with any health concern, it is always best to speak to your doctor if you have any questions or concerns about gynaecological cancer or other health issues. By staying informed and taking care of our health, we can help prevent and fight against gynaecological cancer.

If you think you might be at risk of Gynaecological cancer, consult with an Expert Gynaecologist at Medanta Medicity Hospital Immediately!