Gilbert’s Syndrome

What is Gilbert's Syndrome?

Gilbert’s Syndrome (GS) is an inherent disease of the liver. It is a harmless genetic condition in which the liver enzyme (the protein molecule) becomes abnormal and cannot properly process bilirubin (waste due to worn out-red blood cells). It is generally due to a reduced number of chemicals in the liver. People with this disease experience elevated levels of bilirubin pigment, which may lead to yellowing of eyes and skin. It is a genetic condition and is examined when you take a blood test and that reveals high bilirubin levels. 

Symptoms

Symptoms of GS are not clearly identified in elevated levels of bilirubin. Most of the people don’t come to a realisation of having it, because the bilirubin levels mostly stay within normal limits and rarely rise – that too slightly, to an extent that is tolerable. However, substances that are glucuronidated by the affected enzymes could cause symptoms such as:

  • Fatigue
  • Difficulty in concentration
  • Anxiety
  • Loss of appetite
  • Abdominal pain and itching without rashes

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Causes

The only cause of Gilbert’s Syndrome is an abnormal gene from either parent. It affects the liver and gives birth to an excessive amount of bilirubin. A gene in the liver controls enzyme which breaks down the bilirubin. A person with an abnormal gene stores a large amount of bilirubin. The syndrome is caused by:

  • Lack or deficiency of the uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase enzyme or UGT.
  • A change of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase gene – a faulty gene.

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Risks

The main risk factors of this disease are:

  • Nausea
  • Weakness
  • Restlessness

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Prevention

Gilbert’s Syndrome cannot be prevented as it is inherited, However, the following can help control the symptoms:

  • Balanced diet
  • Drink plenty of water
  • Avoid alcohol
  • Manage stress
  • Avoid junk food

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How is it diagnosed?

Gilbert’s Syndrome usually has no symptoms and can cause mild jaundice. Mild but prolonged jaundice can be a cause of worry as it increases the chances of serious liver disorders.

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How is it treated?

Gilbert’s Syndrome does not require major treatment, as it isn't a serious condition. Patients are known to have normal life expectancy and healthy lifestyles without treatment. In specific cases, however, jaundice can be managed by a balanced d..

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